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Last name Kagan (Kagan , Каган , 卡根) , around the world, is quite a common cognomen. The last name Kagan is habitual in Israel, where it is quite a common surname, Estonia, where it is quite a rare surname, and Luxembourg. Measured by absolute frequency, it is the most numerous in the United States, Israel, and Canada. Much less frequently, Kagan is the forename as well as the last name.