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Family name Chestnut (Chestnut , Chastaigne , كستنائي) , across the world, is quite a common surname. The last name Chestnut is characteristic of Martinique, where it is a common surname, Bahamas, where it is quite a rare surname, and the United States. Measured by absolute frequency, it most frequently occurs in the United States, Martinique, and Canada. Much less frequently, Chestnut is the forename as well as the last name.