Last name Палеолог (Palaiologos 
, Paleolog 
, Палеолог 
) , in the entire world, is quite a rare cognomen. The surname Палеолог is habitual in Greece, where it is quite a common surname, Bulgaria, where it is a rare surname, and Romania. In absolute terms, it most frequently occurs in Greece, Russia, and Poland. Very seldom, Палеолог is the forename as well as the last name.
| VARIANT | COUNTRY |
|---|---|
| Palaiologos | Germany, United Kingdom, Bulgaria, United States, Greece |
| Paleolog | Romania, United Kingdom, South Africa, United States, Poland |
| Палеолог | Russia, Ukraine |
Palaeologus, Paleologo, Paleologos, Paleologu, Paleologue, and Paleologus