Surname Παλαιολόγος (Παλαιολόγος 
) , across the world, is an extremely rare family name. The cognomen Παλαιολόγος is habitual in Southern Europe, particularly Greece, where it is a very rare surname.
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| Παλαιολόγος | Greece |
| νικηφόρος παλαιολόγος Byzantine general, AL (b. 1001) |
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| ἀνδρόνικος παλαιολόγος (b. 1101) |
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| ἀλέξιος παλαιολόγος Byzantine ''megas doux'' (b. 1140) |
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μιχαήλ η΄ παλαιολόγος Founder of the Palaiologan dynasty (1224-1282) (b. 1224) |
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| ανδρόνικος παλαιολόγος Megas domestikos of the Empire of Nicaea, GR (b. 1190) |
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ἀνδρόνικος παλαιολόγος Byzantine Emperor from 1282 to 1328, TR (b. 1259) |
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| ἱωάννης δούκας παλαιολόγος Byzantine general, TR (b. 1225) |
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μιχαήλ θ΄ παλαιολόγος Byzantine co-emperor, GR (b. 1277) |
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κωνσταντῖνος παλαιολόγος Son of Andronikos II (b. 1281) |
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| ᾿ανδρόνικος ῎αγγελος κοµνηνὸς ∆ούκας παλαιολόγος Byzantine prince and military governor, MK (b. 1282) |
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ιωάννης ε' παλαιολόγος Byzantine emperor, GR (b. 1332) |
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| ιωάννης παλαιολόγος (1286-1307), GR (b. 1286) |
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| δημήτριος παλαιολόγος Byzantine prince and governor (b. 1295) |
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ιωάννης ούρεσης δούκας παλαιολόγος Serbian royal, GR (b. 1350) |
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ιωάννης ζ' παλαιολόγος Byzantine emperor, GR (b. 1370) |
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Μάρκος, Γιώργος, and Κωνσταντίνος