Cognomen Petronius (Petronius 
, Петроний 
, بترونيوس) , throughout the world, is a very rare last name. The surname Petronius is characteristic of Israel, where it is a rare surname, Romania, and Indonesia, where it is a very rare surname. Also, Petronius is the forename as well as the last name.
| gaius petronius 1st century Roman senator and consul (b. 50) |
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| marcus petronius ancient Rome politician (b. 100) |
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| probinus petronius Roman politician, consul 341 (b. 250) |
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| gaius petronius Roman governor |
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| m. petronius centurion of the Caesarian army in the Gallic War |
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