Cognomen Matsudaira (松平 
, Matsudaira 
, マツダイラ ) , in all the world, is quite a rare surname. The cognomen Matsudaira is habitual in China, where it is a rare surname, Singapore, and Japan, where it is a very rare surname. Measured by absolute frequency, it is the most numerous in China, Japan, and the United States. More prevalently, Matsudaira is the forename as well as the last name.
| VARIANT | COUNTRY |
|---|---|
| 松平 | China |
| Matsudaira | Singapore, United States, Indonesia, Japan, China |
| マツダイラ | Japan |
Матсудаира, and มัตสึไดรา
| matsudaira chikauji samurai of the early Muromachi period; ancester of Tokugawa Ieyasu (b. 1400) |
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| matsudaira chikatada [松平親忠] head of main line of Matsudaira clan (Anjō-Matsudaira clan) in the middle Muromachi period (b. 1431) |
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| matsudaira norimoto head of Ogyu-Matsudaira clan in the Sengoku period; son of Matsudaira Chikatada (b. 1446) |
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| matsudaira harutada samurai of the Sengoku period; son of Matsudaira Chikatada (b. 1450) |
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matsudaira nobumitsu samurai of the Muromachi period; 3rd head of Matsudaira clan (b. 1500) |
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matsudaira chikamori founder of Fukama-Matsudaira clan (b. 1503) |
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matsudaira kiyoyoshi head of Takenoya-Matsudaira clan (b. 1505) |
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| matsudaira nagachika daimyo of the Sengoku period; ancestor of Tokugawa Ieyasu (b. 1473) |
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| matsudaira motomune head of Goi-Matsudaira clan in the Sengoku period (b. 1481) |
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| matsudaira chikayoshi [松平親善] head of Takenoya-Matsudaira clan in the Sengoku period (b. 1485) |
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| matsudaira nobutada [松平信忠] 6th head of Matsudaira clan in the Sengoku period (b. 1490) |
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matsudaira nobukazu (b. 1539) |
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| matsudaira tadakage samurai of the Sengoku period; founder of Goi-Matsudaira clan (b. 1500) |
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| matsudaira tomosuke samurai of Muromachi period; founder of Katahara-Matsudaira clan (b. 1500) |
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| matsudaira nobunaga head of Goi-Matsudaira clan in the Sengoku period (b. 1503) |
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Sato, Kyuju-Maiki, Hayashi, Yoshida, Kanazawa, Koyanagi, Kunisada, Nakamura, Hayakawa, Furukawa, Watanabe, Yamamoto, Yamazaki, Kobayashi, Takahashi, Fujishima, Maejima, Yamaguchi, Yukako, Hamano, Kato, Noda, Sakai, Takeo, Ikeda, Ijima, Ogawa, Oishi, Majima, Sasaki, Suzuki, Kimura, Tanabe, Tamura, Hamada, Ishida, and Kuribayashi