Last name Aelianus (Элиан 
, Aelianus) , around the globe, is an extremely rare surname. The cognomen Aelianus is characteristic of Kyrgyzstan, where it is a very rare surname, and Russia, where it is an extremely rare surname. More frequently, Aelianus is the forename as well as the last name.
| publius seppienus aelianus commander of the Cohors Cilicum in 78 AD (b. 50) |
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| gnaeus papirius aelianus governor of Britain between 145 and 147 (b. 100) |
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| gnaeus papirius aelianus Roman consul 135 AD (b. 100) |
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| lucius roscius aelianus suffect consul 157 AD (b. 150) |
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claudius aelianus Roman author and teacher (c.175–c.235), IT (b. 200) |
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| gnaeus papirius aelianus Roman consul 157 AD (b. 150) |
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| gnaeus papirius aelianus Roman consul 184 AD (b. 150) |
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| aemilius aelianus man accused of insulting Augustus, but deemed innocent by him |
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| tiberius plautius silvanus aelianus 1st century AD Roman senator and consul |
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| publius aelius aelianus 3rd century Roman general and governor |
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| gaius julius flaccus aelianus governor of Cappadocia from 194/195 to 197/198 |
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| marcus plautius silvanus aelianus brother-in-law of empress Domitia Longina |
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