Cognomen 中島 (中島 
) , all around the world, is a very rare family name. The last name 中島 is characteristic of Eastern Asia, particularly Japan, where it is a very rare surname, and China, where it is an extremely rare surname. Very seldom, 中島 is the forename as well as the last name.
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| 中島 | Japan, China |
| 中島氏種 JP (b. 1550) |
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| 中島元行 JP (b. 1552) |
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| 中島宗求 JP (b. 1552) |
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| 中島棕隠 Japanese novelist, JP (b. 1779) |
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中島三郎助 JP (b. 1821) |
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中島 錫胤 JP (b. 1830) |
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中島永元 Japanese bureaucrat and educator, JP (b. 1844) |
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中島歌子 Japanese writer, JP (b. 1844) |
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中島信行 Japanese politician, JP (b. 1846) |
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| 中島来章 Japanese painter, JP (b. 1796) |
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中島精一 Japanese politician (1848-1941), JP (b. 1848) |
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中島登 JP (b. 1838) |
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中島待乳 Japanese photographer, JP (b. 1850) |
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| 中島広足 JP (b. 1792) |
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中島祐八 Japanese politician (1854-1913), JP (b. 1854) |
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