Family name Παπανικολάου (Papanikolaou 
, Papanicolaou , Παπανικολάου ) , around the globe, is a common cognomen. The cognomen Παπανικολάου is characteristic of Greece, where it is a common surname, Marshall Islands, and Cyprus. Measured by absolute frequency, it is the most numerous in Greece, Cyprus, and the United States.
| VARIANT | COUNTRY |
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| Papanikolaou, Papanicolaou | Germany, Australia, Greece, Cyprus, United States |
| Παπανικολάου | Greece |
| Papanikolau | Germany, Bulgaria, Greece, Colombia, United States |
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γεώργιος παπανικολάου Greek pathologist (1883-1962), GR (b. 1883) |
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| ανδρομάχη μαυρογένη παπανικολάου laboratory technician and the wife of Georgios Papanikolaou, GR (b. 1850) |
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| γρηγόριος παπανικολάου Greek politician, GR (b. 1883) |
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| θεόδωρος γ. παπανικολάου Greek architect, GR (b. 1884) |
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χρίστος παπανικολάου Greek Pole Vault World Record Holder, first man over 18 feet, GR (b. 1941) |
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γεώργιος παπανικολάου Greek-American mathematician, GR (b. 1943) |
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| μήτσος παπανικολάου Greek poet (1900-1943), GR (b. 1900) |
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| φώτης παπανικολάου Greek writer, GR (b. 1900) |
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| σπύρος παπανικολάου Greek painter, GR (b. 1906) |
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| νικόλαος παπανικολάου Greek athlete, GR (b. 1911) |
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βασίλης παπανικολάου Greek painter, GR (b. 1968) |
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| δημήτριος παπανικολάου Greek politician and lawyer, GR (b. 1924) |
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γιώργος παπανικολάου Greek politician, MEP, GR (b. 1977) |
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| βαγγέλης παπανικολάου Greek lawyer and politician (1936-2018), GR (b. 1936) |
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κώστας παπανικολάου Greek basketball player, GR (b. 1990) |
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