Family name Baranau (Baranau 
, Баранау 
) , throughout the world, is a rare cognomen. The cognomen Baranau is characteristic of Lithuania, where it is a rare surname, Belarus, and Poland, where it is a very rare surname. Not in comparison with a country's population, it most frequently occurs in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia, Belarus, and Poland. Very seldom, Baranau is the forename as well as the last name.